Learn how the math works
Explore clear explanations and examples before using our calculators.
Product Profit Calculator explained
Analyze product costs, shipping, marketplace fees and profit.
Read guide →Markup vs Margin Calculator explained
Calculate markup, gross margin and a target selling price.
Read guide →Break-Even Calculator explained
Estimate the sales units needed to cover fixed costs.
Read guide →Discount Calculator explained
Work out sale prices and total savings.
Read guide →Sales Tax Calculator explained
Add or remove an entered sales tax or VAT rate.
Read guide →Unit Converter explained
Convert length, mass, area and volume.
Read guide →Dimensional Weight Calculator explained
Estimate shipping billable weight from parcel measurements.
Read guide →Percentage Change Calculator explained
Find the percentage increase or decrease.
Read guide →Tip & Bill Split Calculator explained
Enter the bill, tip percentage and number of people to see the tip, total bill and what each person pays.
Read guide →Loan Payment Calculator explained
Estimate fixed monthly loan payments.
Read guide →Compound Interest Calculator explained
Explore interest compounding and recurring deposits.
Read guide →ROI Calculator explained
Calculate return on total investment costs.
Read guide →Word & Character Counter explained
Count words, characters, paragraphs and reading time.
Read guide →Text Case Converter explained
Transform text capitalization in your browser.
Read guide →JSON Formatter & Validator explained
Format and validate JSON without uploading it.
Read guide →Excel / CSV Chart Maker explained
Paste spreadsheet cells or import CSV to make bar, line and scatter charts, then download SVG or PNG.
Read guide →Rounding & Significant Figures Calculator explained
Round to decimal places, significant figures or a multiple using different rounding rules.
Read guide →Accounting Ratio Calculator explained
Calculate liquidity, leverage and profitability ratios from financial statements.
Read guide →Math Equation & Symbol Editor explained
Build a LaTeX equation, preview it and copy mathematical symbols into documents.
Read guide →CSV to JSON Converter explained
Paste or import CSV and convert to structured JSON arrays in your browser.
Read guide →JSON to CSV Converter explained
Turn an array of JSON objects into a downloadable CSV table.
Read guide →CSV / TSV Converter explained
Convert comma-separated and tab-separated data without uploading it.
Read guide →CSV Duplicate Row Remover explained
Remove repeated CSV rows while retaining the first row of column headings.
Read guide →Code Formatter for JSON, XML, HTML & CSS explained
Validate and beautify JSON, XML and common markup in your browser.
Read guide →Base64 Encoder & Decoder explained
Convert UTF-8 text to Base64 and decode it locally.
Read guide →JSON Syntax Validator explained
Validate JSON syntax and show errors.
Read guide →JSON Tree Parser explained
Explore JSON objects and arrays.
Read guide →JSON Type Converter explained
Convert JSON string values safely.
Read guide →QR Code Generator explained
Create colorful QR codes and download PNG or SVG.
Read guide →Password Generator explained
Generate a strong random password.
Read guide →Image Compressor explained
Compress JPG, PNG or WebP photos locally.
Read guide →Image Resizer explained
Change image dimensions in pixels.
Read guide →Image Format Converter explained
Convert between JPG, PNG and WebP.
Read guide →Merge PDF Files explained
Combine PDF documents into one file.
Read guide →PDF Split and Page Extractor explained
Extract selected pages from a PDF.
Read guide →HEX RGB HSL Color Converter explained
Convert CSS color values and copy them.
Read guide →UUID v4 Generator explained
Generate random UUID identifiers.
Read guide →Days Between Dates Calculator explained
Calculate calendar days between dates.
Read guide →Combine JPG & PNG Images into One PDF explained
Arrange your images in page order, choose a page size and download a single PDF.
Read guide →PDF to JPG / PNG Converter explained
Render selected PDF pages into downloadable JPG or PNG images.
Read guide →Image Cropper explained
Crop JPG, PNG or WebP images to exact pixels or common aspect ratios.
Read guide →Favicon Generator explained
Create a multi-size favicon.ico for websites from an image.
Read guide →HEIC to JPG Converter explained
Convert supported iPhone HEIC/HEIF photos into JPEG files locally.
Read guide →Aspect Ratio Calculator explained
Calculate and simplify width-to-height ratios for images and videos.
Read guide →Percentage Calculator explained
Calculate percentages, increase, decrease and percentage of a total.
Read guide →Age Calculator explained
Calculate age in years, months and days as of any date.
Read guide →Time Zone Converter explained
Convert a local meeting time between world regions with DST rules.
Read guide →Free Invoice Generator explained
Make a customizable invoice with line items, tax and PDF download.
Read guide →Online Timer / Stopwatch explained
Start a countdown or stopwatch with pause, reset and laps.
Read guide →Regex Tester Online explained
Test regular expressions with highlighted matches, groups and positions.
Read guide →Salary to Hourly Calculator explained
Convert annual, monthly or weekly salary into hourly pay.
Read guide →CAGR Calculator explained
Calculate the compound annual growth rate from start and end values.
Read guide →Unix Timestamp Converter explained
Convert Unix seconds or milliseconds to a readable UTC date.
Read guide →JSON Diff / Compare explained
Find added, removed and modified paths in two JSON documents.
Read guide →Wi-Fi QR Code Generator explained
Create a scannable Wi-Fi access QR code from network details.
Read guide →Fraction Calculator explained
Add, subtract, multiply, divide and simplify fractions.
Read guide →Current Ratio explained
A ratio of 1.0 means current assets equal short-term obligations; 1.5 means $1.50 in current assets per $1 due.
Read guide →Quick Ratio (Acid-Test) explained
The quick ratio excludes less liquid inventory and prepayments. A value of 1.0 means selected near-cash assets equal current liabilities.
Read guide →Cash Ratio explained
The most conservative basic liquidity metric: cash available relative to short-term obligations. 0.5 means 50 cents of cash per $1 due.
Read guide →Working Capital Calculator explained
Working capital is a currency amount rather than a dimensionless ratio. Positive working capital means current assets exceed current liabilities.
Read guide →Debt-to-Equity Ratio explained
Shows how much interest-bearing borrowing backs each $1 of book equity. 0.6× is $0.60 borrowing per $1 equity.
Read guide →Debt-to-Assets Ratio explained
Shows the share of reported assets financed using interest-bearing debt under this definition; 30% means $0.30 debt per $1 of assets.
Read guide →Equity Ratio explained
The portion of book assets attributable to owners' equity. A 45% equity ratio means 45 cents equity for each $1 of assets.
Read guide →Debt-to-Capital Ratio explained
Compares interest-bearing debt with debt plus equity, a simplified measure of the company's permanent capital mix.
Read guide →Interest Coverage Ratio explained
Measures how many times the period's operating earnings cover its interest expense. 5× indicates earnings five times interest costs.
Read guide →Gross Profit Margin explained
Gross margin is the percentage of sales remaining after direct cost of goods or services sold, before overhead and financing.
Read guide →Operating Profit Margin explained
The portion of sales left as operating earnings after direct costs and operating expenses, before financing and tax.
Read guide →Net Profit Margin explained
The percentage of revenue retained as bottom-line profit after reported expenses and taxes.
Read guide →Return on Assets (ROA) explained
Shows profit earned during the period relative to the average assets deployed. Average assets are (opening + closing assets) ÷ 2.
Read guide →Return on Equity (ROE) explained
Measures profit generated relative to average book equity. It is affected by both operating performance and leverage.
Read guide →Asset Turnover Ratio explained
Shows sales generated per dollar of average assets during the reporting period.
Read guide →Inventory Turnover Ratio explained
Measures how often the average inventory stock is sold through over the period using cost of goods sold.
Read guide →Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO) explained
Average number of days inventory stays on hand before being sold. This is a component of the cash conversion cycle.
Read guide →Receivables Turnover explained
How often average customer receivables are collected during a period. For this measure, use net credit sales where available.
Read guide →Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) explained
Average days taken to collect customer accounts on credit, an estimate of collection speed.
Read guide →Payables Turnover explained
How often supplier trade payables turn over during the period, using credit purchases when available.
Read guide →Days Payables Outstanding (DPO) explained
Estimates how many days, on average, a business takes to pay suppliers.
Read guide →Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) explained
The approximate net days between cash paid to suppliers and cash collected from customers. It combines inventory, customer and supplier timing.
Read guide →Operating Cash Flow Ratio explained
Measures cash generated by operating activities over a period relative to short-term liabilities at the reporting date.
Read guide →Online PDF Editor – Add Text & Sign explained
Add notes and handwritten signatures to PDF pages, then download the updated document.
Read guide →Sign PDF Online – Draw Signature explained
Draw a handwritten signature and place it on a PDF, then download the signed file.
Read guide →Online Word Editor explained
Write, open DOCX and edit basic Word documents, then export DOCX or PDF via Print.
Read guide →Online Excel / Spreadsheet Editor explained
Edit XLSX, CSV and TSV tables, use basic formulas and download a workbook.
Read guide →Word to PDF Converter explained
Open a DOCX and use browser Print to Save as PDF, with layout limitations.
Read guide →PDF to Word Converter explained
Extract selectable PDF text into a new editable DOCX document.
Read guide →PDF Compressor for Scanned Files explained
Raster-compress scanned PDFs with JPG quality settings and compare output size.
Read guide →Currency Converter explained
Convert currencies using a verified daily reference exchange rate.
Read guide →BMI Calculator explained
Estimate adult body mass index from height and weight.
Read guide →Mortgage Calculator explained
Estimate fixed-rate mortgage payments, interest and extra-payment impact.
Read guide →Online Countdown Timer explained
Custom countdown timer with pause, resume, reset and fullscreen.
Read guide →Online Stopwatch & Lap Timer explained
Record laps, splits and cumulative time, then export CSV.
Read guide →Pomodoro Focus Timer explained
Timed work and break sessions with pause, resume and session tracking.
Read guide →Solid Color Background Remover explained
Remove simple white or flat-color image backgrounds and export transparent PNG.
Read guide →AI Person Background Remover explained
Remove photo backgrounds around people using an on-device AI segmentation model.
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